Thermal Measurements & Characterizations of Real Processors

............................................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Thermal Characterization of Processors ......................................................... 6 1.2 Research Overview ......................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2: Previous Related Work ................................................................................... 11 Chapter 3: Thermal Models & Methods ......................................................................... 16 3.1The HotSpot Tool .......................................................................................... 16 3.2 How It Works ................................................................................................ 16 3.3 Derivation of RC Model ............................................................................... 18 3.4 Integrating Thermal Model in HotSpot ......................................................... 21 3.5 Validation of Model ..................................................................................... 22 3.6 Understanding Thermal Modeling during Design-time ................................ 23 3.7 Thermal Modeling in FinFETs ..................................................................... 24 3.8 Validating RC Thermal Models for FinFETS .............................................. 25 3.9 Background of CNTs .................................................................................... 32 3.10 Extension of RC Model into CNT FinFET Device ..................................... 35 Chapter 4: Thermal Measurements of Real Processors under Diff. Configs ................. 39 4.1 Overview of Following Experiments ............................................................ 39 4.2 Thermal Measurement Setup ........................................................................ 40 4.3 Experiment 1: Infrared Camera vs Thermal Sensors .................................... 43 4.4 Experiment 2: Oil Heat Sink vs Metal Heat Sink ......................................... 51 Chapter 5: Workload Thermal Behavior in Oil Heat Sink .............................................. 60 5.1 Overview of Experiments .............................................................................. 60 5.2 Experimental Challenges ............................................................................... 61 5.3 Experiment 1: Characterizing HotSpot Locus ............................................... 62 5.4 Experiment 2: Statistics of Thermal Behaviors of Diff. Benchmarks ........... 72 5.5 Background on Variogram ............................................................................ 75 5.6 Experiment 3: Variogram of Various Benchmarks ....................................... 78